Planning and Development Research

  CHAPTER-01: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Project Background The growth of urban population in Bangladesh has outpaced the growth of necessary public services including the water supply, sanitation, and solid waste management. The gap between the demand of these public services and the supply provisions might increase further as experts have warned that by 2060 the population of Bangladesh might be 230 million (before it stabilizes) of which 70 percent would be living in the urban settlements. Currently, 35 percent of the population of Bangladesh has concentrated in the urban areas which constitute about 20 percent of the country’s habitable area and thus population density in urban areas are very high. The situation is further worsened due to higher poverty rates in these urban areas. The Asian Development Bank estimated that of the 157.90 million population of Bangladesh, 31.5 percent live below the national poverty line (ADB, 2016). According to the latest estimates, among the u

  The growth of urban population in Bangladesh has outpaced the growth of necessary public services including the water supply, sanitation and solid waste management which intern negatively affect the livability of major cities in Bangladesh, especially in slums. In Rangpur city, a significant portion of poor slum dwellers live in very challenging environment. However, there are opportunities to provide the poor slum dwellers/low income consumers with safe water, sanitation, and waste management services under a planned intervention. This assessment is conceived by the UNICEF and Rangpur City Corporation where HRDF & PASS would like to come forward with its expertise to assist the knowledge service procuring entity. The goal of the assessment is to provide information and evidence base for developing a City wide WASH Master Plan for the low-income settlements/slums of Rangpur city. This has been done through preparation of a GIS base map with WASH database; identification of gaps a

1.1 Background The Pourashavas are one tiers of urban local government in Bangladesh . There is both cooperation as well as separation of activities between the urban local government and the central government in regards financial management and administration, maintenance of law and order, prevention of law and order, development of infrastructure etc. For the reason, local governments will have to develop a history of generating an annual surplus of revenues over expenditures. So, not only must the local government manage its finances well, they must be able to present well maintained budgeting and accounting records to verify their performance. There are only three ways that a local government can reliably develop a surplus that they can commit to long term debt repayment. They can increase their “own source revenues” as currently defined. They can reduce their expenditures. They can develop new sources of revenue. In Bangladesh , the income of Pourashava depends o

4.1 INTRODUCTION Shrimp culture in Bangladesh started to develop in the early 1970s. At that time there was little local demand and the price of shrimp was consequently very low. The potential of farmed shrimp as a hard currency earner was quickly realized by the private sector (Nuruzzaman, 1993). During this period the shrimp farming industry received little support from the Bangladesh Government. Only since 1980 with the introduction of Second Five-Year Plan (1980-85) has brackish water aquaculture been given official recognition and shrimp began to grow in coastal areas. The department of Fisheries estimated that by the beginning of 1990 more than 115,000 ha had been turned over to shrimp farming activities in the whole Bangladesh. Shrimp farming take place in the district of Satkhira, Khulna, Bagerhat, Barisal, Patuakhali, Bhola, Chittagong and Cox’s Bazar. The two most important areas lie to the north of Sundarbans (90,000 ha) and in the vicinity of Cox’s Baz