7.1. Introduction The high financial returns from shrimp farm ventures has been a primary factor behind the rapid change of land use and farmers occupation along the coastal area of Bangladesh. As a result, substantial areas of vegetation and paddy fields have been converted in shrimp ponds. During the past earlier than 60s, there was no socio-economic conflict between brackish water aquaculture and rice farmers. In the 1960s, Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) started building up coastal embankments to prevent saline water incursion on the land with a view to ensuring year-round agricultural crop production. During the late 60s, however, export of frozen shrimp, fish and frog legs from the country started and freezing plants were setup in Chittagong and Khulna. Realizing the lucrative business in shrimp export, many local rich people and businessmen engaged in shrimp culture operations in their suitable lands within the embankment in Satkhira, Bagerhat and Khul