1. Zoning: Zoning is a regulatory tool used by local governments to control land use within their jurisdictions. It divides land into different zones or districts, each with specific regulations governing how the land can be used. For example, zones may be designated for residential, commercial, industrial, or mixed-use purposes. 2. Land Use: Land use refers to the specific purpose for which a piece of land is utilized, such as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, or agricultural. It plays a crucial role in urban planning by determining the spatial distribution of different activities within a city. 3. Density: Density measures the concentration of people, buildings, or activities within a given area. It is usually expressed in terms of people per unit of land area (e.g., inhabitants per square kilometer) or buildings per acre. High-density areas typically have more compact development, while low-density areas have more spread-out development. 4. Mixed-use Development: