Planning and Development Research

1. Zoning: Zoning is a regulatory tool used by local governments to control land use within their jurisdictions. It divides land into different zones or districts, each with specific regulations governing how the land can be used. For example, zones may be designated for residential, commercial, industrial, or mixed-use purposes. 2. Land Use: Land use refers to the specific purpose for which a piece of land is utilized, such as residential, commercial, industrial, recreational, or agricultural. It plays a crucial role in urban planning by determining the spatial distribution of different activities within a city. 3. Density: Density measures the concentration of people, buildings, or activities within a given area. It is usually expressed in terms of people per unit of land area (e.g., inhabitants per square kilometer) or buildings per acre. High-density areas typically have more compact development, while low-density areas have more spread-out development. 4. Mixed-use Development:

1.1 Background of the study Most development theory and practice have only focused on either urban or rural issues without considering the interrelation between them. The relative emphasis placed on rural versus urban areas in the development policies of developing countries has shown considerable variation over time. Generally, these development strategies have addressed either urban or rural areas rather than the interdependencies between the two. This situation is very well known in the literature of rural-urban linkages as the “ruralurban divide (Tacoli, 2006).” Recently, however, there is a growing recognition of the importance of focusing on the mutual interdependencies, rather than the “separateness,” of rural and urban areas because the livelihoods of rural and urban households rely on both “rural-based” and “urban-based” resources as well as the exchanges between the two areas. However, several studies in different countries like Indonesia, Nepal, Tanzania shows that