Planning and Development Research

  A baseline study is a comprehensive evaluation of a particular environment or system at a specific point in time. The purpose of a baseline study is to establish a reference point or benchmark that can be used to measure changes or developments over time. An end-line survey, on the other hand, is  the study conducted after the end of that intervention . The results of the end-line survey are measured against some comparative data – ideally the baseline survey – often as part of an impact evaluation The steps of a baseline study typically include: Define the purpose and scope of the study : Determine the specific goals and objectives of the study, as well as what aspects of the environment or system will be evaluated. Identify data sources: Determine the sources of data that will be used to gather information for the study, such as surveys, interviews, and existing data sets. Collect data: Collect the data needed for the study, either through fieldwork, data analysis, or a combinatio

Data cleaning refers to the process of identifying and correcting (or removing) errors and inconsistencies in a dataset so that it can be analyzed and used effectively. This may involve removing duplicates, handling missing values, converting data into a consistent format, and more. The goal of data cleaning is to make sure that the data is accurate, complete, and trustworthy. The steps in the data-cleaning process typically include: Inspection: Examine the data to identify any errors or inconsistencies. Data type conversion: Convert the data into a consistent format, such as converting strings to numbers or dates to a standard format. Handling missing values: Impute or remove missing values as appropriate. Outlier detection and treatment: Identify and correct outliers that may impact analysis. Duplicate removal: Remove duplicate records from the data Validation: Verify the accuracy and consistency of the data after cleaning. Saving the cleaned data: Save the cleaned data in a f

AAP: The phrase ‘accountability to affected people' (AAP) is widely used in the humanitarian community to refer to the commitments and mechanisms that humanitarian agencies have put in place to ensure that communities are meaningfully and continuously involved in decisions that directly impact their lives. Accountability refers to the responsible use of power (resources, decision-making) by humanitarian actors, combined with effective and quality programming that recognizes a community of concern's dignity, capacity, and ability to be independent. As an international humanitarian organization, with a protection function at its core, UNHCR is committed to ‘putting people first' and drawing on the rich range of experiences, capacities, and aspirations of refugee, displaced, and stateless women, men, girls and boys. In addition, it is committed to being accountable to the people it serves by listening and responding to their needs, perspectives, and priorities. UNHCR's AA

Accountability refers to the responsibility of individuals or organizations to account for their actions, decisions, and results. Accountability is the obligation of an individual or organization to account for their actions, decisions, and results. It involves being responsible and accountable for outcomes, taking responsibility for mistakes, and being accountable to stakeholders. This concept is essential in organizations and in development projects, where it helps to ensure transparency, effective decision-making, and the responsible use of resources. To ensure accountability in a development project, the following steps can be taken:  Clearly define roles and responsibilities Set specific, measurable, and achievable goals and targets Establish a system for tracking progress and collecting data Foster transparency and open communication Provide regular progress reports to stakeholders Hold individuals and teams accountable for their actions through regular performance evaluations an

1. Please write a success story using the below hints: A child under five with severe pneumonia named Samir was referred to IMCI corner in Banaripara Upazila Health Complex from a Community Clinic under Banaripara Upazila. The service provider of IMCI corner suggested admitting at Banaripara Upazila Health. The child was admitted and kept under observation at the allocated bed in the hospital. The caregiver of the children was oriented on danger signs of childhood pneumonia by service providers who were trained on IMCI by Save the Children. The child was discharged after 7 days with proper orientation of follow-up visit. The caregiver of the baby maintained the follow-up visits and now the baby is in good health and with proper growth.                                            Answer to the Question No: 1 "Successful Management of Severe Pneumonia in a Child Under Five: A Case Study of the IMCI Corner at Banaripara Upazila Health Complex" A child under the age of five n

 A concept note is a brief document that provides an overview of a proposed project or program, including its objectives, activities, and expected outcomes. It is often used as a preliminary step in the project development process and serves as the foundation for a more detailed project proposal. Concept Note: Income Generating Activities Training Objective: To provide training to low-income individuals in income-generating activities (IGAs) to improve their economic opportunities and increase their income. Background: Low-income individuals face significant economic challenges, including limited access to employment and financial resources. Providing training in income-generating activities can help to mitigate these challenges by equipping individuals with the skills and knowledge needed to start and grow their own businesses. Activities: The training program will consist of the following activities: Identification of potential participants through community outreach and engagement D

  An indicator is a measurable value that is used to assess the progress or status of a program, project, or policy. Indicators can be used to measure various aspects of a program, such as inputs, outputs, outcomes, or impact. There are several types of indicators, including: Input indicators: These measure the resources that are invested in a program, such as funding, staff, or equipment. For example, an input indicator for a school-based health program might be the number of staff members trained to provide health services. Output indicators: These measure the immediate results of a program, such as the number of people reached or the number of services provided. For example, an output indicator for a school-based health program might be the number of students who receive health screenings. Outcome indicators : These measure the intermediate or long-term effects of a program, such as changes in health status or behavior. For example, an outcome indicator for a school-based health